# Bladder cancer treatment: TURBT, BCG and surgery

> Source: World Aid Network — https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/bladder-cancer/treatment

## In short

Non-invasive bladder cancer is usually treated by removing the tumour through a telescope, sometimes followed by BCG or chemotherapy into the bladder. If the cancer has grown into muscle, removing the bladder or using chemoradiation may be recommended. Stage 1 survival is over 95%. World Aid Network funds treatment overseas for patients who cannot pay.

Pathology after TURBT decides the next step. Superficial and muscle-invasive disease are very different conversations.

## What is BCG into the bladder?

A weakened tuberculosis vaccine is put into the bladder to stimulate an immune response that lowers the chance of tumours coming back. It is not the same as intravenous immunotherapy.

## When is the bladder removed?

Muscle-invasive cancer may need a cystectomy, with a stoma or a reconstructed bladder. Chemoradiation is an alternative for some people. Fertility and sexual function should be discussed before surgery.

## Why follow-up cystoscopies continue

Bladder cancer often comes back on the lining. Regular camera checks catch new growths while they are still treatable.

## Key takeaways

- TURBT is both diagnosis and first treatment for many patients.
- BCG is given into the bladder, not as a jab in the arm.
- Follow-up camera checks are part of treatment, not optional extras.

## Related pages in this guide

- Overview: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/bladder-cancer
- Symptoms: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/bladder-cancer/symptoms
- Cystoscopy: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/bladder-cancer/tests
- Treatment: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/bladder-cancer/treatment

## Frequently asked questions

### Will I need a stoma?

Only if the whole bladder is removed and a urostomy is chosen. Many early cancers never need this.

### Does BCG mean I have TB?

No. You will get specific hygiene advice after instillation.

### Do you fund BCG overseas?

If a licensed partner hospital uses it and the patient cannot pay.

## How you can help

World Aid Network funds cancer treatment for patients who cannot pay in Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia. Donate at https://worldaidnetwork.org/appeal/cancer-emergency or https://worldaidnetwork.org/donate?cause=cancer-treatment&appeal=cancer-emergency

---
This is general information, not medical advice, published by World Aid Network. Always consult a qualified clinician about your own health.