# Types of leukaemia: AML, ALL, CML and CLL explained

> Source: World Aid Network — https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/leukaemia/types

## In short

Leukaemia is classified by the cell line (myeloid or lymphoid) and by speed (acute or chronic). AML and ALL need treatment quickly. CML is often controlled for years with tyrosine kinase inhibitor tablets. CLL is the most common adult type and may only need monitoring at first. The names sound similar; the treatments are not interchangeable.

Getting the type right is the whole point of bone-marrow tests. Do not apply one leukaemia story to another.

## What is AML?

Acute myeloid leukaemia is aggressive and is more common in older adults. Treatment is intensive chemotherapy in hospital, sometimes followed by a stem-cell transplant. Adult five-year survival is around 29% in UK figures, higher in younger people.

## What is ALL?

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the main childhood leukaemia and also occurs in adults. UK childhood cure rates are about 90%. Treatment lasts months to a few years. Missing doses because a family cannot pay is how survival collapses overseas.

## What are CML and CLL?

Chronic myeloid leukaemia is usually treated with daily tablets (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and many people live for years with controlled disease. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is often watched at first (watch and wait) and treated when it causes problems. CLL five-year survival is around 87%.

## Key takeaways

- AML and ALL are urgent; CML and CLL are often slower.
- Childhood ALL is highly curable in the UK.
- CML tablets can control disease for years.
- CLL is sometimes monitored rather than treated immediately.

## Related pages in this guide

- Overview: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/leukaemia
- Symptoms: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/leukaemia/symptoms
- The four types: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/leukaemia/types
- Treatment options: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/leukaemia/treatment

## Frequently asked questions

### Is watch and wait safe for CLL?

For many people with early CLL it is standard NHS practice. You are monitored and treated when tests or symptoms show it is needed.

### Do CML tablets replace chemotherapy?

For most people with chronic-phase CML, tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the main treatment. Chemotherapy and transplant are reserved for some situations.

### Does World Aid Network fund stem-cell transplants?

We fund treatment a partner hospital can actually deliver. Transplant needs highly specialist units and is not available in every partner setting.

## How you can help

World Aid Network funds cancer treatment for patients who cannot pay in Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia. Donate at https://worldaidnetwork.org/appeal/cancer-emergency or https://worldaidnetwork.org/donate?cause=cancer-treatment&appeal=cancer-emergency

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This is general information, not medical advice, published by World Aid Network. Always consult a qualified clinician about your own health.