# Testicular ultrasound and tumour marker blood tests

> Source: World Aid Network — https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/testicular-cancer/tests

## In short

If a testicular lump might be cancer, a GP refers you for an urgent scrotal ultrasound. Blood tests measure AFP, HCG and LDH — tumour markers that help type the cancer and plan treatment. A chest X-ray or CT looks for spread. Diagnosis is usually confirmed when the testicle is removed, not by cutting into it in the scrotum.

Do not let embarrassment delay ultrasound. It is a standard, private scan and the fastest way to explain a lump.

## Why ultrasound first?

Ultrasound distinguishes a cyst, a hydrocele and a solid lump that needs surgery. It does not use radiation.

## What do tumour markers mean?

AFP and HCG can be raised in some germ-cell tumours. They are not a screening test for well men. They guide treatment and follow-up after surgery.

## Why is the testicle removed to diagnose?

Cutting into a testicular cancer through the scrotum can spread cells. An inguinal orchidectomy — removing the testicle through a groin incision — is both diagnosis and first treatment.

## Key takeaways

- Urgent ultrasound is the first specialist test.
- Marker blood tests help type the tumour.
- The diagnostic operation is usually through the groin, not the scrotum.

## Related pages in this guide

- Overview: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/testicular-cancer
- Self-check: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/testicular-cancer/symptoms
- Ultrasound & markers: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/testicular-cancer/tests
- Treatment: https://worldaidnetwork.org/cancer/testicular-cancer/treatment

## Frequently asked questions

### Will I need both testicles removed?

Almost never for a first cancer. One testicle is enough for hormone production in most men.

### Are markers always raised?

No. Some tumours do not produce AFP or HCG. Ultrasound and surgery still go ahead.

### Does WAN offer UK ultrasound?

No. We fund overseas hospital bills.

## How you can help

World Aid Network funds cancer treatment for patients who cannot pay in Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia. Donate at https://worldaidnetwork.org/appeal/cancer-emergency or https://worldaidnetwork.org/donate?cause=cancer-treatment&appeal=cancer-emergency

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This is general information, not medical advice, published by World Aid Network. Always consult a qualified clinician about your own health.