In short
Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, with more than 14,000 UK diagnoses a year. The most common first sign is a painless swelling in the neck, armpit or groin that lasts more than a few weeks. Heavy night sweats, unexplained weight loss, itching or fevers that come and go should also be checked.
There are two broad groups: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Many respond well to treatment. Some slow-growing types are monitored at first.
Which swellings should you get checked?
A lump that is painless, growing, or lasts more than a few weeks should be seen by a GP. Glands that come up with a sore throat and go down again are usually infection.
- Painless swelling in the neck, armpit or groin lasting weeks
- Drenching night sweats
- Weight loss without trying
- Itching all over, or fevers that come and go
What are B symptoms?
Doctors call fevers, night sweats and weight loss ‘B symptoms’. They help stage lymphoma and can change treatment. Mention them even if the lump seems small.
Is Hodgkin lymphoma different?
Hodgkin lymphoma is less common and often diagnosed in younger adults as well as older people. UK five-year survival is around 85%. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a mixed group with a wider spread of outlooks.
What are the key takeaways?
- A painless gland lasting more than a few weeks should be checked.
- Night sweats, weight loss and fevers are important to mention.
- Hodgkin lymphoma is often highly treatable in the UK.
- Most swollen glands are not lymphoma.
Care like this is out of reach for millions
The diagnosis, screening and treatment described here are routine in the UK. In Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia, poverty puts them out of reach — so a treatable cancer too often becomes a fatal one. World Aid Network funds treatment through locally-licensed oncologists for patients who cannot pay.
Frequently asked questions
Does a painful gland mean it is not cancer?
Painful glands are often infection. Painless, persistent swellings still need a check. Pain does not completely rule cancer out.
Can lymphoma cause itching?
Yes, some people have widespread itching without a rash. It has many other causes too.
How is lymphoma diagnosed?
Usually with a biopsy of the gland, blood tests and scans such as CT or PET-CT to stage the disease.
This guide is general information, not medical advice. It was reviewed by the World Aid Network editorial team for accuracy against NHS and World Health Organization sources. Always speak to a GP or qualified clinician about your own health.