In short
A painless lump or swelling in one testicle is the main sign of testicular cancer. A heavy feeling or a sudden collection of fluid also needs a GP visit. About 2,400 men are diagnosed in the UK each year, mostly aged 15 to 49. More than 98% survive when it is found early. Check yourself in a warm shower and see a GP about any new lump.
Most lumps are not cancer. Checking is still how the treatable ones are found in time. There is no shame in asking a GP to examine you.
What should a self-check feel for?
Get to know the smooth, egg-shaped feel of each testicle and the softer epididymis at the back. You are looking for a new hard lump or a change in size.
- A painless lump or swelling in a testicle
- A change in size, shape or firmness
- A dull ache or heaviness in the scrotum
- A sudden build-up of fluid
Who is at higher risk?
An undescended testicle in childhood raises risk even after it has been brought down. White men have higher rates than some other groups. Family history is uncommon but relevant.
Help a patient afford cancer care
Gifts go to the Cancer Emergency Appeal’s wider fund for patients who cannot pay. They do not buy a guaranteed treatment or result.
Donate to cancer careDoes testicular cancer mean losing fertility?
Treatment can affect sperm. Sperm banking is offered before chemotherapy in UK practice. Many men still father children afterwards. Ask before treatment starts.
Key takeaways
- A new testicular lump should be checked promptly.
- It is the most common cancer in men aged 15 to 49.
- Early-stage survival is over 98%.
Care like this is out of reach for millions
The diagnosis, screening and treatment described here are routine in the UK. In Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia, poverty can put them out of reach. The Cancer Emergency Appeal raises funds towards clinically recommended care for patients who cannot pay; gifts go to the wider fund and do not buy a guaranteed treatment or result.
Frequently asked questions
Is a lumpy epididymis cancer?
Often no. The epididymis at the back of the testicle is normally softer. A GP can tell the difference or refer for ultrasound.
Can I wait to see if a lump goes away?
Book a GP rather than waiting weeks. Ultrasound is quick and most results are reassuring.
Do you fund testicular cancer treatment overseas?
Yes, within partner capacity, for patients who cannot pay.
Editorial summary of published sources. A named oncology clinician has not signed off this guide. Use it to prepare questions for your healthcare team, not to diagnose symptoms or choose treatment. Editorial responsibility: Kaiser Khan. Updated 4 October 2026.
What are the sources for this guide?
Follow the original guidance for its evidence, dates and limitations. General background references are not a clinical review of this page.