In short
A painless lump or swelling in one testicle is the main sign of testicular cancer. A heavy feeling or a sudden collection of fluid also needs a GP visit. About 2,400 men are diagnosed in the UK each year, mostly aged 15 to 49.
Most lumps are not cancer. Checking is still how the treatable ones are found in time. There is no shame in asking a GP to examine you.
What should a self-check feel for?
Get to know the smooth, egg-shaped feel of each testicle and the softer epididymis at the back. You are looking for a new hard lump or a change in size.
- A painless lump or swelling in a testicle
- A change in size, shape or firmness
- A dull ache or heaviness in the scrotum
- A sudden build-up of fluid
Who is at higher risk?
An undescended testicle in childhood raises risk even after it has been brought down. White men have higher rates than some other groups. Family history is uncommon but relevant.
Does testicular cancer mean losing fertility?
Treatment can affect sperm. Sperm banking is offered before chemotherapy in UK practice. Many men still father children afterwards. Ask before treatment starts.
What are the key takeaways?
- A new testicular lump should be checked promptly.
- It is the most common cancer in men aged 15 to 49.
- Early-stage survival is over 98%.
Care like this is out of reach for millions
The diagnosis, screening and treatment described here are routine in the UK. In Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia, poverty puts them out of reach — so a treatable cancer too often becomes a fatal one. World Aid Network funds treatment through locally-licensed oncologists for patients who cannot pay.
Frequently asked questions
Is a lumpy epididymis cancer?
Often no. The epididymis at the back of the testicle is normally softer. A GP can tell the difference or refer for ultrasound.
Can I wait to see if a lump goes away?
Book a GP rather than waiting weeks. Ultrasound is quick and most results are reassuring.
Do you fund testicular cancer treatment overseas?
Yes, within partner capacity, for patients who cannot pay.
This guide is general information, not medical advice. It was reviewed by the World Aid Network editorial team for accuracy against NHS and World Health Organization sources. Always speak to a GP or qualified clinician about your own health.