In short
The main warning sign of womb cancer is unexpected vaginal bleeding — especially any bleeding after the menopause. Heavier periods, bleeding between periods, or unusual discharge also need a GP visit. About 10,000 people are diagnosed in the UK each year. Most cases are found early because the bleeding appears soon. This is general information, not medical advice.
Womb cancer — also called endometrial or uterine cancer — is the most common gynaecological cancer. The early warning sign is unusually clear, which is why Stage 1 survival is over 95% when people come forward.
A smear test does not screen the womb lining. Do not wait for the next screening appointment if you have unexpected bleeding.
What bleeding should you report?
Any bleeding that is not normal for you is enough reason to book a GP appointment. You do not need pain as well.
- Any vaginal bleeding after the menopause
- Bleeding between periods, or periods that become much heavier
- Unusual vaginal discharge, especially if blood-stained
- Pain in the lower tummy or during sex
Who is more likely to get womb cancer?
Most diagnoses are in women after the menopause. Higher oestrogen exposure over a lifetime — including obesity, some types of HRT, and never having been pregnant — raises risk. A family history of womb or bowel cancer should be mentioned to a GP.
Help a patient afford cancer care
Gifts go to the Cancer Emergency Appeal’s wider fund for patients who cannot pay. They do not buy a guaranteed treatment or result.
Donate to cancer careDoes a smear test find womb cancer?
No. Cervical screening looks at the cervix. Post-menopausal bleeding still needs a separate check, usually starting with a GP examination and a referral for ultrasound or hysteroscopy.
Key takeaways
- Unexpected bleeding, especially after menopause, should be checked even once.
- A smear test does not screen for womb cancer.
- Early-stage survival is high because the warning sign appears early.
- World Aid Network funds treatment overseas for patients who cannot pay — not NHS care.
Care like this is out of reach for millions
The diagnosis, screening and treatment described here are routine in the UK. In Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia, poverty can put them out of reach. The Cancer Emergency Appeal raises funds towards clinically recommended care for patients who cannot pay; gifts go to the wider fund and do not buy a guaranteed treatment or result.
Frequently asked questions
Is spotting after menopause always cancer?
No. Many causes are benign. Cancer is one of the reasons it must be checked rather than watched at home.
Can HRT cause womb cancer?
Oestrogen-only HRT can raise risk if you still have a womb. Combined HRT is used to protect the lining. Discuss your own prescription with a clinician.
Do you fund womb cancer surgery overseas?
Yes, when a licensed partner hospital has recommended it for a patient who cannot pay, within our cancer programme.
Editorial summary of published sources. A named oncology clinician has not signed off this guide. Use it to prepare questions for your healthcare team, not to diagnose symptoms or choose treatment. Editorial responsibility: Kaiser Khan. Updated 4 October 2026.
What are the sources for this guide?
Follow the original guidance for its evidence, dates and limitations. General background references are not a clinical review of this page.