In short
If womb cancer is possible, a GP refers you for tests. A transvaginal ultrasound measures the womb lining. If it is thickened, a biopsy or hysteroscopy samples the tissue. Results confirm whether cells are cancer and how they look under the microscope. This is general UK information. Speak to a GP about your own bleeding.
These tests are how unexpected bleeding is explained. Most results are not cancer. The pathway exists so the ones that are cancer are found while they are still treatable.
What does a pelvic ultrasound show?
Ultrasound looks at the thickness of the endometrium. A thin lining after the menopause is reassuring. A thicker lining needs a tissue sample.
What is a hysteroscopy?
A thin camera looks inside the womb. A biopsy can be taken at the same time. It is usually a day-case procedure. Ask the clinic how they manage pain and what to expect afterwards.
Help a patient afford cancer care
Gifts go to the Cancer Emergency Appeal’s wider fund for patients who cannot pay. They do not buy a guaranteed treatment or result.
Donate to cancer careWhat happens after a cancer diagnosis?
A specialist team discusses stage and grade, usually with MRI or CT to see if the cancer has spread. Surgery is the main treatment for early disease.
Key takeaways
- Ultrasound is the usual first hospital test after a GP referral.
- A biopsy is how womb cancer is confirmed.
- Most unexpected bleeding is not cancer; tests still matter.
Care like this is out of reach for millions
The diagnosis, screening and treatment described here are routine in the UK. In Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia, poverty can put them out of reach. The Cancer Emergency Appeal raises funds towards clinically recommended care for patients who cannot pay; gifts go to the wider fund and do not buy a guaranteed treatment or result.
Frequently asked questions
Is a biopsy painful?
You may feel cramping. Clinics explain pain relief beforehand. Ask if you are anxious.
How soon should bleeding be investigated?
Book a GP as soon as you notice it. Do not wait for it to happen again.
Does WAN run NHS diagnostics?
No. We fund treatment bills at partner hospitals in Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia.
Editorial summary of published sources. A named oncology clinician has not signed off this guide. Use it to prepare questions for your healthcare team, not to diagnose symptoms or choose treatment. Editorial responsibility: Kaiser Khan. Updated 4 October 2026.
What are the sources for this guide?
Follow the original guidance for its evidence, dates and limitations. General background references are not a clinical review of this page.